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KMID : 0361020020450090846
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Korean Journal of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
2002 Volume.45 No. 9 p.846 ~ p.852
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Pathophysiologic Consideration of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo due to the Horizontal Semicircular Canal Cupulolithiasis
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문승영/Seung Young Moon
윤용주/김창현/이상헌/김범규/임현실/최승철/Yong Joo Yoon/Chang Hyun Kim/Sang Heon Lee/Beom Kyu Kim/Hyun Sil Lim/Seung Cheol Choi
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Abstract
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Background and Objectives: Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is one of the most common peripheral vestibular disorders. There have been some reports suggesting that directional changing positional nystagmus occurs due to
canalolithiasis
and cupulolithiasis of the horizontal semicircular canal (HC). The canalolithiasis theory of HC-BPPV is presented with a transient geotropic direction changing horizontal nystagmus as the pathophysiologic mechanism of BPPV. The HC-BPPV
cupulolithiasis
is characterized by a positional nystagmus that does not fatigue, but persists as long as the position is held, and changes direction in different head positions. There is still a controversy relating to differentiating the lesion side and the
otolith
adherent sites on the cupula differentiation. The purpose of this study was to differentiate the lesion side and the otolith adherent site on the cupula, and propose a treatment through analyses of clinical features, electronystagmographic (ENG)
results, treatment maneuvers and its effectiveness.
Subjects and Method: Fifteen patients who showed ageotropic direction changing horizontal nystagmus were included in this study. Supine head turning test was performed to induce positional nystagmus. Various findings of the nystagmus were
recorded with ENG. Other ENG tests (visual tracking tests and bithermal caloric test) and magnetic resonance imaging were checked to exclude the possibility of any central lesion. Cupulolith repositioning maneuver (CuRM) was applied on the all
patients
and these patients were instructed to keep the healthy side at the lateral decubitus position while sleeping.
Results: All patients showed significant differences between the intensity of each side nystagmus, and all of them showed stronger ageotropic direction changing horizontal nystagmus when the head was rotated to the unaffected side in a
supine
head turning test. The nystagmus had a short latency, no fatigability, and persistency in character. Typical nystagmus and spinning sensation in the supine head turning test had completely subsided after physical therapy.
Conclusion: In the cupulolithiasis of horizontal semicircular canal, ageotropic nystagmus was stronger when the pathological ear was at the uppermost position, and this excitatory nystagmus beats to the lesion side. The proposed CuRM and
post-treatment lateral decubitus position kept during the night (while sleeping on the day of treatment) were effective in differentiating the otolith adherent site on the cupula and treating the cupulolithiasis of the horizontal semicircular
canal.
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KEYWORD
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